Mayors for Peace was formed in 1982 after the mayors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki appeared at the 2nd UN Special Session on Disarmament and called for cities to come together in solidarity for peace and, specifically, the abolition of nuclear weapons.

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The 2020 Vision Campaign, the main vehicle for advancing the agenda of Mayors for Peace, was initiated on a provisional basis by the Executive Cities at their meeting in Manchester, UK, in October 2003.  It was launched under the name 'Emergency Campaign to Ban Nuclear Weapons' in November of that year at the 2nd Citizens Assembly for the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons held in Nagasaki, Japan.  In August 2005, the World Conference endorsed continuation of the Campaign under the title '2020 Vision Campaign'.

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